Fever itself is not dangerous; it is part of the body's normal response to infection/inflammation, is beneficial and supports the immune system. However fevers can be a sign of serious illness so it is important to consult a doctor if you are concerned.
A temperature greater than 41.5oC is called hyperthermia. Hyperthermia is not fever it is caused by drugs, heat stroke or damage to the brain and is a medical emergency.
Other reasons to seek a doctor's opinion include:
- failure to improve after three days
- worsening symptoms
- febrile convulsion/seizure
- confusion, lethargy, drowsiness
- temperature greater than 40oC (>38oC for 0-3 months olds and >39oC for 3-6 month olds)
- severe headache
- vomiting, neck stiffness, skin rash
- recent overseas travel.
While fever does not require treatment routinely, in symptomatic fevers, home treatment may be appropriate. Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (eg. Nurofen) may be used to reduce body temperature, by inhibiting the production of some of the substances (called prostaglandins) responsible for generating the fever. Paracetamol taken as directed by your doctor or pharmacist is another alternative. It should be noted that antipyretic medications do not prevent febrile convulsions and should not be used specifically for this purpose.
Supportive treatment is also an important part of managing a fever. This includes maintaining hydration by drinking water regularly; as well as using physical aids such as a wet sponge, or cool fan to reduce the body temperature. However, it is important not to become too cold, as this will cause the body to trap more heat.
