We are always and everywhere surrounds the light, as it is an integral part of life. Fire, the sun, the moon or a table lamp – it all falls under this category. Now our task will be to consider natural and artificial light sources.
Previously, people did not have sophisticated alarms and cell phones that help us to stand when it is needed. This function performs the Sun. It stood – people begin work, the village – lay down to rest. But, over time, we learned to make artificial light sources, we'll talk about them in the article in more detail. Start with the main concepts.
Light
In a General sense – it is a wave (electromagnetic) which is perceived by the organs of vision. But still there are lines that one sees (from 380 to 780 nm). To ultraviolet radiation. Though we don't see it, but our skin it takes (the sun), after the framework is infrared radiation, some organisms can see him, a man he perceived as heat.
Now, let's consider this question: why light is different colors? It all depends on the wavelength, for example, the purple color is formed by the beam of wave length 380 nm, green-500 nm, and red – 625. In General, the basic colors 7, which can be observed in such phenomena as the rainbow. But many, especially the artificial light sources emit waves of white. Even if you take the bulb that hangs in the room, with a probability of 90 percent, she lights it with white light. So, it is obtained by mixing all primary colors:
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- Krasnogo.
- Oranjevogo.
- Jeltogo.
- Zelenogo.
- Golubogo.
- Sini.
- Fioletowy.
They are very easy to remember, many people use these lines: every hunter wishes to know where sits the pheasant. And the first letter of each word and indicate the color, by the way, in the rainbow, they are located exactly in that order. After we dealt with the concept, let's go to the question of "Sources of light natural and artificial". We analyze in detail each type.
Lights
Does Not exist in our time any sector of the economy, which in its manufacture does not use artificial sources of light. When man first engaged in the manufacture of artificial lighting? It was in the distant nineteenth century, and the reason for the development of the industry was the invention of arc lamps and filament.
Sources light artificial and natural – body, which are able to emit light, or rather, to transform one energy into another. For example, the electric current in the electromagnetic wave. Acting on this principle, the artificial light source is a light bulb that is so common in everyday life.
We talked in the previous section that not all the light is perceived by our organs of sight, but nevertheless light source is the object that emits waves that are invisible to our eyes.
Classification
Let's Start with the fact that they are divided into two large classes:
- Artificial light sources (lamps, torches, candles and so on).
- The Natural (light of the Sun, moon, glow stars, etc.).
With each class, in turn, is divided into groups and subgroups. Let's start with the first, artificial sources are distinguished:
- Teplovye.
- Lyuminestsentnye.
- Svetodiodnye.
More detailed classification will consider next. The second class consists of the following:
- The Sun.
- The Interstellar gas and the stars themselves.
- Atmospheric discharges.
- Bioluminescence.
Natural light sources
All objects that emit light of natural origin are natural sources. Thus, light beam emission can be both primary and secondary properties. If we compare natural and artificial sources of light, examples of which we have considered, their main difference lies in the fact that the second emit visible light to our eyes thanks to the man, or rather, manufacturing.
In the first place that comes to mind each natural source is the Sun, source of light and heat for our planet. Also natural sources are the stars and comets, electrical discharges (e.g. lightning during a thunderstorm), the luminescence of living organisms, this process is called bioluminescence (for example, fireflies, certain aquatic organisms living on the bottom and so on). Natural sources of light play a very important role for humans and other living organisms.
Types of artificial light sources
Why do we need them? Imagine how would our life change without all the usual lamps, night-lamps and similar devices. What is the purpose of artificial light? In creating an enabling environment and the conditions of visibility for a person, thereby maintaining the health and well-being, decrease fatigue of the organs of vision.
Artificial light sources can be divided into two, quite extensive groups:
- General.
- Composite.
For example, the first group, all manufacturing facilities are always covered with the same type of lamps that are located at the same distance from each other and wattage are the same. If we talk about the second group, then the above adding a few lamps that are stronger than allocate any working surface such as a table or machine. These additional sources are referred to as local lighting. Thus, if we use only local coverage, it will strongly influence the fatigue and consequence will be decreased performance, in addition, possible accidents and accidents in the workplace.
Working, on duty and emergency lighting
If we consider the classification of artificial sources from the point of view of functional purpose, we can distinguish the following groups:
- Working;
- Duty;
- Alarm.
Now a little more about each. Task lighting is, wherever it is necessary to maintain the health of people or to light the way for traffic. The second class of lighting begins to function after working hours. The last group is needed to maintain production in the event of an outage of the primary (working) light source, it is minimal, but is able to temporarily replace the working light.
Light Bulb
In our time, to illuminate the production areas are using incandescent lamps of the following types:
- Halogen.
- Discharge.
And what is the bulb? The first thing you should pay attention, - that it is electric source, and the light we see by the hot body is called the body of the filament. Previously (in the nineteenth century) the body of the filament were made from such materials as tungsten, or alloy based on it. Now it is made from a more affordable carbon fiber.
Types, advantages and disadvantages
Now industrial enterprises produce a wide variety of incandescent lamps, among which the most popular:
- Vacuum.
- Bulb with a krypton fill.
- Bespylnye.
- Filled with a mixture gas of argon and nitrogen.
Now let us examine the last question, which relates to incandescent lamps, namely the advantages and disadvantages. Pros: they are inexpensive to manufacture, are small in size, if they are included, you do not need to wait until the flare up in the production of incandescent lamps do not use toxic components, they work both permanent and alternating current, it is possible to use dimming, nice smooth operation even at very low temperatures. Despite such a large number of advantages, there are however also disadvantages: they are not very bright Shine, the light has a yellowish cast to it, become very hot during operation, leading sometimes to the fires in contact with the textile material.
Gas Discharge tube
All of them are divided into light, high and low pressure, most of them works on mercury vapor. They replaced the incandescent bulbs to which we are so much used, but discharge lamps have a mass of disadvantages, one of which we have already mentioned, namely, the ability to poison with mercury, it also can include noise, flicker, which leads to more fatigue, a linear spectrum of radiation, and so on.
These lamps can serve up to twenty thousand hours, of course, if the bulb is intact, and the light emitted has a warm or neutral white color.
The Use of artificial light sources quite common, for example, gas-discharge lamps very often and are still used in shops or offices, in a decorative or artistic lighting, by the way, professional lighting equipment, is also not without gas discharge bulb.
The production of gas discharge lamps is very common, which entails a large number of species, one of the most popular we will discuss right now.
Fluorescent lamp
As already mentioned this is one of the types of discharge lamps. It is worth noting that they are often used for the main light source, fluorescent lamps are much more powerful than incandescent bulbs and they consume the same energy. As we've started comparing with incandescent bulbs, it would be appropriate and the following fact – lifetime luminescent can exceed twenty times the life of incandescent lamps.
With regard to their varieties, then often use a mercury lamp that resembles a tube, and inside are mercury vapor. It is a very economical light source, which is common in public institutions (schools, hospitals, offices and so on).
Light Sources natural and artificial, examples of which we covered just essential to humans and other living beings on our planet. Natural sources do not allow us to get lost in time, and artificial take care of our health and well-being of enterprises, reducing the percentage of accidents.
