body temperature conversion table printable (2024)

How do You Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?

To convert temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 32 and multiply by .5556 (or 5/9). For example: (50°F – 32) x .5556 = 10°C.

If you don't want to count it yourself you can use the Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion chart. You can also use Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion calculator as a simple way to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius.

How do You Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?

To convert temperatures in degrees Celsius to Fahrenheit, you just do the opposite which is multiplied by 1.8 (or 9/5) and add 32. For example: (30°C x 1.8) 32 = 86°F.

You can also use the Celsius to Fahrenheit chart or use a Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion calculator.

What are 5 Temperature Scales?

The 5 temperature scales are Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, Réaumur, and Rankine. Fahrenheit temperature scale is a scale based on 32 for the freezing point of water and 212 for the boiling point of water. Until the 1970s the Fahrenheit temperature scale was in general common use in English-speaking countries while the Celsius or centigrade scale was employed in most other countries worldwide. However, most English-speaking countries have officially adopted the Celsius scale.

Celsius temperature scale also called the centigrade temperature scale, is the scale based on 0 for the freezing point of water and 100 for the boiling point of water. Celsius is sometimes called the centigrade scale because of the 100-degree interval between the defined point.

Kelvin temperature scale is the base unit of thermodynamic temperature measurement in the International System (SI) of measurement. It is defined as 1/273.16 of the triple point (equilibrium among the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases) of pure water. The Kelvin scale has been adopted as the international standard for scientific temperature measurement. The Kelvin scale is related to the Celsius scale. The difference between the freezing point and boiling point of water is 100 degrees in each so that the Kelvin has the same magnitude as the degree Celsius.

The Réaumur scale is a temperature scale of which the freezing and boiling points of water are defined as 0 and 80 degrees respectively. The Réaumur scale was used widely in Europe, particularly in France, Germany, and Russia. By the 1790s, France had chosen the Celsius scale rather than the Reaumur measurement, but it was used commonly in some parts of Europe until at least the mid 19th century and in parts of Russia until the early 20th.

The Rankine scale is an absolute scale of thermodynamic temperature. It is used in engineering systems where heat computations are done using degrees Fahrenheit. Zero on both the Kelvin and Rankine scales is absolute zero, but a temperature difference of one Rankine degree is defined as equal to one Fahrenheit degree, rather than a Celsius degree used on the Kelvin scale.

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You probably don't have a thermometer that has Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit all listed, and even if you did, it wouldn't be helpful outside of its temperature range. What do you do when you need to convert between temperature units? You can look them up on this handy chart or you can do the math using simple weather conversion equations.

There's no complicated math required to convert one temperature unit to another. Simple addition and subtraction will get you through conversions between the Kelvin and Celsius temperature scales. Fahrenheit involves a bit of multiplication, but it's nothing you can't handle. Just plug in the value you know to get the answer in the desired temperature scale using the appropriate conversion formula:

Kelvin to Celsius: C = K - 273 (C = K - 273.15 if you want to be more precise)

Kelvin to Fahrenheit: F = 9/5(K - 273) 32 or F = 1.8(K - 273) 32

Celsius to Fahrenheit: F = 9/5(C) 32 or F = 1.80(C) 32

Celsius to Kelvin: K = C 273 (or K = C 271.15 to be more precise)

Fahrenheit to Celsius: C = (F - 32)/1.80

Fahrenheit to Kelvin: K = 5/9(F - 32) 273.15

Remember to report Celsius and Fahrenheit values in degrees. There is no degree using the Kelvin scale.

References

Ahrens (1994) Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

World: Highest Temperature, World Meteorological Organization, Arizona State University, retrieved March 25, 2016.

World: Lowest Temperature, World Meteorological Organization, ASU, retrieved March 25, 2016.

37 °C is a value that one encounters probably more often than any other temperature reading. If you are used to the Celsius scale, you recognize it immediately. Indeed, a normal body temperature of a healthy person is in the vicinity of 37 degrees Celsius, which makes this value so special and important. For the Fahrenheit folks, you may know it as 98.6 °F (as you can easily verify using our online converter).

It is important to realize however that the 37 Celsius (or 98.6 Fahrenheit) value is essentially an averaged benchmark. What is "normal" depends on various factors, both objective and subjective. At least some of those factors should be taken into account when reaching conclusions about whether one's body temperature is normal.

Some objective factors affecting our body temperature include the time of day (with the lowest temperature in the morning and the highest typically around mid-afternoon), recent exercise (you get hot after a long run for instance), a recent meal, warm and/or alcoholic drinks, etc. All of these aspects can easily make one's temperature fluctuate within one or two degrees.

There are also subjective factors, such as the way body temperature is being measured, the instrument (thermometer) type being used, etc. For example, oral and under the arm readings commonly differ (oral being higher), and fast digital thermometer readings may not always be as accurate as longer liquid column thermometer measurements.

To summarize, the message we would like you to keep in mind is that the "normal body temperature" is more of a range rather than a well-defined number, and it should be relied on with reasonable flexibility. We wish you to stay healthy, and in cases when you do need to take a measurement and the only thermometer you have is not marked in the units you like, here is a chart that should help.

Detailed body temperature conversion chart

Different professions can find a use for different kinds of chart templates. For example, more professions can see a need for flow charts so as to help manage workflows. One other kind of chart is a temperature chart so as to help record and measure the heat.

722+ FREE CHART Templates - Download Now Adobe PDF, Microsoft Word (DOC), Microsoft Excel (XLS), Adobe Photoshop (PSD), Google Docs, Microsoft PowerPoint (PPT), Apple (MAC) Pages, Google Sheets (Spreadsheets), Microsoft Publisher, Apple (MAC) Numbers, Adobe Illustrator (AI)

Like a chore chart, a temperature chart can be a useful tool for keeping record of a variety of different factors. Of course, you can technically get more out of temperature charts than just the base temperature. The data stored on the charts can be used to get information on other factors, like the climate of the area.

Body Temperature

Basal TemperatureChart

TemperatureChart of Refrigerator

Daily Temperature

Who Can Use these Temperature Charts?

Since there are different variations of these printable chart templates, it follows that there are a number of different professions that can use them:

• Doctors, who can obviously use those charts that have to do with measuring a person’s body temperature against its basal, normal temperature.
• Meteorologists, who can use such charts to measure the temperature of a given area to help predict and record weather patterns such as wind conditions, weather patterns, etc.
• Technicians, who can find charts that can be used to help them measure the operating conditions of different appliances, such as refrigerators.

How to Chart Your Own Temperature

While many charts can use unconventional designs such as bubble chart templates, measuring one’s temperature should still be a fairly straightforward process:

• First, keep in mind the normal human body temperature, which is around 37.1 degrees Celsius.
• Take your own temperature on a regular basis, such as every few hours, and record the results on the chart.
• Use the chart to keep a record of the pattern of your temperature over a set period of time, such as a few days.
• Remember that there are other factors that can affect your temperature, such as food and drink, and adjust accordingly.

Food Safety Temperature

Vaccine Fridge Temperature

Temperature Conversion Chart

Free Temperature Chart Example

Guidelines for a Temperature Chart

You may also wish to use certain guidelines that could help you through the process of using a temperature chart. After all, these tips are generally meant to help you make the most of such tools as chart templates in PDF.

• Have a consistent pattern of measurement. This allows your work to be more consistent by sticking to a general pattern, such as making new measurements every three or four hours.

• Be sure to include space for the dates. This makes it easier to measure the patterns of temperature by measuring over a period of days, as well as making it easier to record.

• Use an appropriate template. There are different blank chart templates to use for recording temperature. You can find charts for measuring body temperature, weather temperature, etc. This means you need to find a template suited to whatever purpose you have at the time.

• Keep your chart as simple as possible. The purpose behind these charts is fairly simple, so it pays to keep the charts simple themselves so as to make them easier to work with.

With these insights, you should have an easier time making use of any chart templates you need to use, which should have proportional effects on your work.

measure/images/thermometer.js?mode=boxes

(only bold are exactly the same)

16 is about 61
28 is about 82

Explanation

There are two main temperature scales:

°C, the Celsius Scale (part of the Metric System, used in most countries) °F, the Fahrenheit Scale (used in the US)

They both measure the same thing (temperature!), but use different numbers:

• Boiling water (at normal pressure) measures 100° in Celsius, but 212° in Fahrenheit
• And as water freezes it measures 0° in Celsius, but 32° in Fahrenheit

Like this:

Looking at the diagram, notice:

• The scales start at a different number (0 vs 32), so we will need to add or subtract 32
• The scales rise at a different rate (100 vs 180), so we will also need to multiply

And so, to convert:

from Celsius to Fahrenheit: first multiply by 180100, then add 32

from Fahrenheit to Celsius: first subtract 32, then multiply by 100180

180100 can be simplified to 95,
and 100180 can be simplified to 59, so we get this:

First: 25° / 5 = 5
Then: 5 × 9 = 45
Then: 45 32 = 77° F

First: 98.6° − 32 = 66.6
Then: 66.6 × 5 = 333
Then: 333 / 9 = 37° C

We can swap the order of divide and multiply if we want, but don't change the add or subtract. So this is also OK:

We can write them as formulas:

Celsius to Fahrenheit: (°C × 95) 32 = °F
Fahrenheit to Celsius: (°F − 32) × 59 = °C

9/5 is equal to 1.8, so we can also use this method:

Celsius to Fahrenheit: °C × 1.8 32 = °F
Fahrenheit to Celsius: (°F − 32) / 1.8 = °C

To make "×1.8" easier we can multiply by 2 and subtract 10%, but it only works for °C to °F:

Celsius to Fahrenheit: (°C × 2) less 10% 32 = °F

Example: Convert 20° Celsius (A nice day) to Fahrenheit

• 20x2 = 40
• less 10% is 40−4 = 36
• 36 32 = 68° F

Add 40, Multiply, Subtract 40

Since both scales cross at −40° (−40° C equals −40° F) we can:

• add 40,
• multiply by 5/9 (for °F to °C), or 9/5 (for °C to °F)
• subtract 40

Like this:

Celsius to Fahrenheit: Add 40, multiply by 9/5, then subtract 40
Fahrenheit to Celsius: Add 40, multiply by 5/9, then subtract 40

Example: Convert 10° Celsius (A cool day) to Fahrenheit

• 10 40 = 50
• 50×9/5 = 90
• 90−40 = 50° F

To remember 9/5 for °C to °F think "F is greater than C, so there are more °F than °C"

Quick, but Not Accurate

Celsius to Fahrenheit: Double, then add 30
Fahrenheit to Celsius: Subtract 30, then halve

Examples °C → °F:

• 0° C → 0 30 → 30° F (low by 2°)
• 10° C → 20 30 → 50° F (exact!)
• 30° C → 60 30 → 90° F (high by 4°)
• 180° C → 360 30 → 390° F (high by 34°, not good)

Examples °F → °C:

• 40° F → 10/2 → 5° C (almost right)
• 80° F → 50/2 → 25° C (low by about 2°)
• 120° F → 90/2 → 45° C (low by about 4°)
• 450° F → 420/2 → 210° C (low by about 22°, not good)

1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 3724, 3725, 3726, 3727, 3728, 3729

Copyright © 2021 MathsIsFun.com

Definition of Heat Index: The heat index is an estimate of how hot the air “feels” to the human body and provides a relative indication of potential health risks. Among others, the two primary factors in the heat index equations are temperature and water vapor (i.e., moisture/humidity). Humidity affects the efficacy of perspiration to evaporatively cool the skin. When the air is very dry, sweat can evaporate efficiently, allowing the skin to cool via evaporative cooling. Conversely, very high humidity stifles the body’s natural cooling mechanism by limiting, even preventing, the evaporation of sweat from the skin. This can lead to heat exhaustion, heat stroke, heart attack, and other health complications.

• ● Calculator
• ● Charts
• ● Factors
• ● 40% Rel.Humidity Fallacy

Exposure to full sunshine increases the potential for heat exhaustion. A heat index above 120º is extremely rare, but it can occur. Listen to your body and drink plenty of fluids when the heat index is excessive. Use the charts below to estimate the heat index.

The heat index concept is meaningful and serves a purpose. The public’s critiques to the contrary stem from gross misconception and lack of understanding. Heat exhaustion arises from both air temperature and humidity (among other factors), parameters that some tend to overlook. Like the wind chill factor, the heat index was developed to raise public awareness to a weather hazard that affects some groups more than others, using real physical parameters that have known and detrimental impacts on the human body.

What was the Hottest Heat Index Recorded on Earth?

✏️ The highest theoretical heat index ever recorded was 176ºF on July 8, 2003, in Dharan, Saudi Arabia. This was calculated from the observed conditions and utilizing the widely accepted heat index equation with its inherent assumptions. This was the result of excessive humidity (dew point temperature of 95ºF) and an air temperature of 108ºF. Dew point temperatures that high are extremely rare. In fact Dharan’s 95ºF dew point is the highest ever recorded on the planet. Important Note: Bear in mind that this heat index calculation, like any other, is subjective and its merit can be debated and disputed ad nauseam; this is always an exhausting exercise in futility. In fact, all heat index calculations are purely theoretical since the index can’t be measured and is highly subjective.

✏️ In the United States, we rarely see dew points above 80ºF and those are usually found near the Gulf of Mexico. However, the highest dew point temperature ever recorded in the United States was 90ºF in Appleton, Wisconsin on Thursday, July 13, 1995. On that day, Appleton also recorded a high temperature of 101ºF resulting in a heat index of 148ºF, the highest heat index ever recorded in the United States.

Heat Index Calculation

Enter in the air temperature (Tair) in degrees Fahrenheit and relative humidity (RH) in percent (without the % sign), then click on the Calculate HI to compute the heat index (HI) | Use the heat index tables

OR use dew point temperature

Heat Index Calculation

Enter in the air temperature (Tair) in degrees Fahrenheit and relative humidity (RH) in percent (without the % sign), then click on the Calculate HI to compute the heat index (HI) | Use the heat index tables

OR use dew point temperature

➡︎ View all of our weather calculators

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Heat index is a function of air temperature and humidity. We have several ways of expressing atmospheric moisture content, but the two most common are dew-point temperature and relative humidity. Aside from minor rounding errors in the numerical computations, both techniques will yield the same result. Ultimately, your choice of conversion table (or computational method in the calculator above) will depend on the type of data that you are using for the humidity parameter.

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Yes, the humidity can be lower than 40%. There is a misconception that a relative humidity of 40% or higher is prerequisite for the heat index equation, but this is simply not true. Granted, heat index is subjective by its very nature, and we could randomly apply any upper/lower limits anywhere we want; however, the 40% rule doesn’t make sense, mathematically. Unfortunately, a few of the heat index calculators available online unintentionally perpetuate this notion by displaying an error message when a relative humidity below 40% is entered. This is mathematically illogical given that the relationship between the heat index and relative humidity is nonlinear. As a result, the corresponding equilibrium temperature is also nonlinear (see the chart above). Consider that an air temperature of 100º combined with a relative humidity of 40% results in a heat index of 109º. It’s illogical to assume that the calculation for this example is valid at RH=40%, but not at 39%. There is clearly plenty of room for a reduction of heat index by lowering the relative humidity until the equilibrium point is reached (i.e., temperature = heat index). In the case of air temperature = 100º, the equilibrium humidity is 25%. This is evident in our heat index chart, noting the superimposed dashed equilibrium line. Heat index is a strong function of humidity, and the equilibrium relationship (temperature = heat index) is non-linear. Therefore, the equilibrium humidity is not a constant and the 40% rule is invalid. The higher the air temperature, the lower the equilibrium humidity. At temperatures above 98º, the equilibrium RH is less than 30%. It drops into the teens at temperatures above 108º.

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As a result of numerous bio-meteorological studies, a long list of variables emerged as key contributors to heat discomfort, exhaustion, and heat stroke. The majority of those factors have been reduced to assumptions in order to simplify the equations. Biological factors pertaining to the human body vary from person to person, and an “ideal” heat index model would be highly customizable to each individual human being. Unfortunately, such computational methods would be impractical and the assumptive constants used in the standard heat index models have proven to be sufficient. Ultimately, the main factors are ambient air temperature and humidity. Without going into technical detail, the following are the bio-meteorological factors that comprise the heat index equation:

1) The human body

• Surface area and typical diameter of the human body
• Fraction of the human body typically covered by clothing (assumed 84%)
• Core body temperature, vapor pressure, and salinity
• Typical activity level (metabolic output)

2) Clothing

• Characteristics of typical clothing (affects heat transfer from the body)
• Assumption about the clothing’s efficacy for and resistance to heat transfer
• Assumption about the resistance of our clothing to moisture flux from the body

3) Heat Transfer and Ventilation from the Skin

• Effective wind speed is assumed to be 5 knots. This is the sum of an assumed average wind speed and a person’s movement (i.e., if you are walking at 5 mph into a wind blowing toward you at 10 mph, the vector sum would be 15 mph). Extremely hot days are often associated with relatively weak winds as would be the case in the middle of summer within a synoptic-scale ridge characterized by large-scale subsidence, and wind speeds generally less than 10 mph. Furthermore, we tend to move more slowly in the summertime (unless you’re one of the few who enjoy running in the sweltering heat). All things considered, a relatively weak effective wind speed (5 knots) is assumed in the heat index computations.
• An assumption about the effective radiation and convection (both are forms of heat transfer) from the skin. Previous studies have shown the significance of these factors.
• Skin efficacy to heat transfer (a function of skin temperature & activity level)
• Moisture flux from the skin (a function of skin/air vapor pressure gradient, i.e., relative humidity).

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The Primary Heat Index Equation

Accounting for all of the factors above, the majority of which have been reduced to assumptions, we arrive at the final heat index equation that is most widely used (i.e., by the National Weather Service and most private-sector entities, and used to create the tables above):

Note: As you can see, the only variables in the equation are ambient air temperature (T) and humidity (R). However, all of the biological, clothing, and wind contributions discussed above are accounted for via the constants. Therefore, yes, the wind is a factor, albeit a small one (I get this question often). Furthermore, the computational methods used for solving this equation (multiple regression analysis) result in a statistical error of ±1.3°F.

✏ Tidbit: Because the apparent temperature is a strong function of humidity, the heat index can actually be lower than the air temperature when the air is very dry. As I’ve explained, when it’s extremely humid, the body cannot cool itself via evaporative cooling from the evaporation of sweat. The drier the air is, moisture fluxes increase and perspiration can evaporate more efficiently. This results in a more efficient cooling of the skin via evaporative cooling. We often hear about the proverbial “dry heat”. Well, it’s really a thing. Very hot temperatures combined with an extremely dry airmass can result in a theoretical heat index that is lower than the air temperature. While we’re on the topic of moisture flux, contrary to popular belief, evaporation from any body of water increases with lower humidity. Moisture flux is directly proportional to the difference between the air temperature and the dew point temperature (known as the dew point depression). Water can even evaporate from a swimming pool more efficiently on a cool/dry day in the middle of autumn than on a hot, sweltering day in August.

➡ Reference: Steadman, R.G., 1979: The assessment of sultriness. Part I: A temperature-humidity index based on human physiology and clothing science. J. Appl. Meteor., 18, 861-873.

Conversion between various temperature scales is relatively straightforward, and is based on a linear dependence. The applet below provides you with an easy way to calculate degrees Celsius from degrees Fahrenheit and vice versa.

Precision: Please note that the results are rounded to a maximum of two digits after the decimal point.

More about this conversion

Fun temperature fact

Did you know that good quality chocolate melts around 34°C? Go ahead and convert that to Fahrenheit. You’ll notice it is slightly below the normal body temperature. No surprise here: we don’t want cholocate to melt in the room, but would like it to melt it the mouth.

About temperature scales

Ever wondered how and why different temperature scales are related to each other? Read our brief overview.

Read about temperature scales

Prefer a table version?

You can use our conversion chart to look up corresponding temperature values in Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scales.

Conversion chart

Kelvin conversion

A tool useful for dealing with the Kelvin temperature scale. Lets you directly calculate Fahrenheit from degrees Kelvin.

Kelvin to Fahrenheit

A note on spelling in English

Fahrenheit is a commonly misspelled word in English. Misspelled versions include ‘Farenheight’, ‘Ferinheight’, etc. In case you are interested, this temperature scale was proposed by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, a scientist who first developed a mercury-based thermometer.

Read more

Nature's °F and °C chart

A snapshot of world weather in summer

Page 2

37 °C is a value that one encounters probably more often than any other temperature reading. If you are used to the Celsius scale, you recognize it immediately. Indeed, a normal body temperature of a healthy person is in the vicinity of 37 degrees Celsius, which makes this value so special and important. For the Fahrenheit folks, you may know it as 98.6 °F (as you can easily verify using our online converter).

It is important to realize however that the 37 Celsius (or 98.6 Fahrenheit) value is essentially an averaged benchmark. What is "normal" depends on various factors, both objective and subjective. At least some of those factors should be taken into account when reaching conclusions about whether one's body temperature is normal.

Some objective factors affecting our body temperature include the time of day (with the lowest temperature in the morning and the highest typically around mid-afternoon), recent exercise (you get hot after a long run for instance), a recent meal, warm and/or alcoholic drinks, etc. All of these aspects can easily make one's temperature fluctuate within one or two degrees.

There are also subjective factors, such as the way body temperature is being measured, the instrument (thermometer) type being used, etc. For example, oral and under the arm readings commonly differ (oral being higher), and fast digital thermometer readings may not always be as accurate as longer liquid column thermometer measurements.

To summarize, the message we would like you to keep in mind is that the "normal body temperature" is more of a range rather than a well-defined number, and it should be relied on with reasonable flexibility. We wish you to stay healthy, and in cases when you do need to take a measurement and the only thermometer you have is not marked in the units you like, here is a chart that should help.

Detailed body temperature conversion chart

°C	°F
35	95
35.2	95.4
35.4	95.7
35.6	96.1
35.8	96.4
36	96.8
36.2	97.2
36.4	97.5
36.6	97.9
36.8	98.2
37	98.6
37.2	99
37.4	99.3
37.6	99.7
37.8	100
38	100.4
38.2	100.8
38.4	101.1
38.6	101.5
38.8	101.8
39	102.2
39.2	102.6
39.4	102.9
39.6	103.3
39.8	103.6